第八章 两次世界大战之间的玻璃器
装饰艺术运动是在第一次世界大战之后流行起来的风格运动。以强烈的色彩和局部抽象的装饰为特点,主要影响应用艺术和世界时尚, 装饰艺术运动的名字来源于1925 年在巴黎举行的“现代工艺和装饰艺术博览会”(Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes),也被称作“1925风格”。装饰艺术在不同的国家有不同的形式,通常投射出一个民族的艺术意志。在三十年代后期,以对应这种高度装饰的视觉风格而出现了功能主义,这种风格被写入建筑体系,遵循建筑外观以理性主义为基础的理论,宣扬“形式服从功能”。功能性、简洁且最低限度或完全不进行装饰是基本的先决条件,体现出同时期建筑及包括玻璃制品在内的日常用品的设计风格。
Glass Between the Two World Wars
Art Deco was a fashionable stylistic movement that issued from post-World I optimism. Distinguished by striking colours and a partially abstract décor, and chiefly affecting the applied arts and the world of fashion, Art Deco was named after the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes held in Paris in 1925, and also known as “The 1925 Style”. In different countries, it took on various forms, frequently with ethnographic elements projected into it. In the late thirties, Functionalism emerged in response to this highly decorative visual idiom. This style’s tenets were codified in architecture based on rationalist theories regarding the appearance of buildings, espousing the principles of “form follows function”. Functionality, simplicity and minimal or virtually no decoration were the essential prerequisites that formulated contemporary architecture and objects of everyday use, including glass.
VIII两次世界大战之间的玻璃器
Glass Between the Two World Wars
185
花瓶
奥地利维也纳,维也纳工坊协会出品;约瑟夫·霍夫曼(设计),1920年前
出品人:莫泽玻璃制品公司,位于卡尔斯巴德(现名:卡罗维发利)的法院附近;制作人:梅耶侄子公司,位于温特伯格的阿道夫,约1925年
吹制,刻花玻璃;高20 cm
编号85 542
1977年从A. 斯拉莫娃处购得
Vase
Austria, Vienna, Wiener Werkst?tte; Josef Hoffmann (design), before 1920
For the Moser glass company, Meierh?fen bei Karlsbad (Dvory near Karlovy Vary), produced by Meyrs Neffe glassworks, Adolf bei Winterberg (Adolfov near Vimperk), c. 1925
Blown, cut glass; H.?20 cm
Inv. no. 85?542
Purchased in 1977 from A.?Slámová
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186
带浆果状塞子的香水瓶
法国,位于莫代河畔万让的拉力克玻璃厂,1920年;勒内·拉利克(设计)
模压玻璃,吹塑成形;高11.7 cm
编号40?120
1955年从康斯坦丁·博卢莫维奇处购得
Perfume bottle with stopper, “Bouchon m?res” (Berry stopper)
France, Lalique glassworks, Wingen–sur–Moder, 1920; René Lalique (design)
Mould-pressed and mould-blown glass; H. 11.7 cm
Inv. no. 40?120
Purchased in 1955 from Konstantin Bljumovi?
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187
粉盒
法国,位于莫代河畔万让的拉力克玻璃厂;勒内·拉利克(设计),约1921年
模压玻璃;高5 cm,直径13.8 cm
编号 76 205
1972年从A. 佩希诺娃处购得
Powder box
France, Lalique glassworks, Wingen–sur–Moder; René Lalique (design), c. 1921
Mould-pressed glass; H. 5 cm, diameter 13.8 cm
Inv. no. 76?205
Purchased in 1972 from A.?Pe?inová
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188
带钥匙的盒子,镶“银扇草”玻璃
法国,位于莫代河畔万让的拉力克玻璃厂;勒内·拉利克(设计),约1920年
模压玻璃,木头和金属;高8.5 cm,宽31 cm,直径19 cm
编号 77?241
1974年购自古董店
Box with key, “Monnaie du pape”
France, Lalique glassworks, Wingen–sur–Moder; René Lalique (design), c. 1920
Mould-pressed glass, wood, metal; H. 8.5 cm, W. 31 cm, Diameter 19 cm
Inv. no. 77?241
Purchased in 1974 from an antique shop
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189
土耳其人
捷克斯洛伐克,位于热莱兹尼布罗德的玻璃工艺学校;雅罗斯拉夫·布里赫塔(设计),1925年后
拉丝热塑玻璃,金属丝,木头;高16 cm
编号105?405
2009年购自拍卖会
雕塑家雅罗斯拉夫·布里赫塔(1895–1971)是位于北波希米亚热莱兹尼布罗德的玻璃工艺学校教师队伍中最出色的一员。布里赫塔不仅开发了拉丝热塑工艺,而且还赋予了这种工艺雕塑的特性,他的这类作品既有独特的诗意又富有幽默感,我们可以从20世纪20年代他早期创作的穿金属丝人像中感受到。
Figurine of a “Turk”
Czechoslovakia, Glassmaking School, ?elezny Brod; Jaroslav Brychta (design), after 1925
Lampworked glass, wire, wood; H. 16 cm
Inv. no. 105?405
Purchased in 2009 at auction
The sculptor Jaroslav Brychta (1895–1971) was one of the most outstanding personalities on the teaching staff of the glass school in ?elezny Brod in northern Bohemia. Brychta not only developed the field of lampworked glass, but also imbued it with sculptural properties, typified by a distinctive poetic style and humour. This is evidenced in his wire-strung figurines made early in his career around the mid-1920s.
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190
小提琴家
捷克斯洛伐克,位于热莱兹尼布罗德的玻璃工艺学校;雅罗斯拉夫·布里赫塔(设计),1925年后
拉丝热塑玻璃,金属丝,木头;高15 cm
编号105 404
2009年购自拍卖会
Figurine of a “Violinist”
Czechoslovakia, Glassmaking School, ?elezny Brod; Jaroslav Brychta (design), after 1925
Lampworked glass, wire, wood; H. 15 cm
Inv. no. 105?404
Purchased at auction in 2009
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191
花瓶
捷克斯洛伐克,位于热莱兹尼布罗德的玻璃工艺学校;阿洛伊斯·梅泰拉克(造型)和兹德涅克·尤纳(设计),约1935年
吹制、喷砂玻璃,描金;高22 cm
编号 63?422
1964年购自热莱兹尼布罗德的玻璃工艺学校
Vase
Czechoslovakia, Glassmaking School, ?elezny Brod
Alois Metelák (form) and Zdeněk Juna (design), c. 1935
Blown, sand-blasted and gilded glass; H. 22 cm
Inv. no. 63?422
Acquired in 1964 from the glassmaking school
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192
花瓶
捷克斯洛伐克,位于莱诺拉的威廉海姆·克拉利克玻璃厂制作,1923-1926
吹制玻璃,热成形;高40 cm
编号 104?968
2009年购自古董店,伊日·昂莱赞助
Vase
Czechoslovakia, Wilhelm Kralik glassworks, Eleonorenhain (Lenora), 1923–1926
Blown, hot-shaped glass; H. 40 cm
Inv. no. 104?968
Purchased in 2009 from an antique shop, sponsored by Ji?í Emler
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