黄益飞
中国社会科学院考古研究所，北京100710

Abstract：This article investigates the military concepts revealed in the bronze inscriptions of Babo (the Earl
of Ba). The author argues that the inscriptions on Babo basin, Babo pitcher and Babo are correlated, which
should be cast around the same time. Secondly, part of Babo inscriptions are highly similar with records in
the Book of Rites. Thirdly, the Zhou kings would not hold military activities in summer, which show their
kindness towards their people. Historical documents also suggest that the Zhou people valued virtues greatly.
Keywords：Babo gui-container, Bazhong vessels, ritual, benevolent, punishment
摘要：本文结合出土文献和传世史料对山西翼城大河口墓地所出霸伯簋和霸仲诸器所涉西周军礼及军事思想进
行了初步探讨。本文主要观点如下：第一，霸伯盘、霸伯盉及霸伯内容互有关联，应同时所铸。第二，霸仲诸
器“对扬祖考福”可与《礼记·曾子问》所记师出载迁庙之主以行、无迁主则告庙奉祖祢之命行对读。第三，西
周仁本思想在军事中的主要体现有冬夏不兴师、老幼不弃忘。通过对军事铭文所系历月的研究可知，除抵御外
侮、保卫东方盐场的战争外，周人酷暑不主动兴兵，此爱民之道也。禹鼎“扑伐鄂侯驭方，勿遗寿幼”一语，意
即惩戒鄂侯驭方，勿弃忘老幼、滥杀无辜，可与《司马法·仁本》对读。周人对进犯之戎夷则兵刑相加，威之以
武。此即《左传》所谓的“德以柔中国，刑以威四夷”。凡此均体现了周人以德为本、刑以辅德的刑德观。
关键词：霸伯簋；霸仲诸器；迁庙之主与军礼；仁本思想；刑德观