汉魏两晋南北朝都城模式及其演变
徐龙国
中国社会科学院考古研究所，北京 100710

Abstract： The almost eight hundred years between the Han Dynasty and the Southern and Northern
Dynasties can be divided into two periods: the first period featured a unified regime, while the second was
characteristic of disunion. The author, by investigating the two periods, argues that a new capital mode was
gradually established during this period, which was inherited by the following dynasties. The new pattern
includes a single palace, the triple-city system, the symmetrical layout, the triple-entrance gate, the
facing-the-south orientation and so on. It is of great significance to understand the development and
transformation of Chinese ancient capitals.
Keywords： from the Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, capital mode, formation and
transformation
摘要：汉魏两晋南北朝历时近800年，大致可分前、后两个时段，前段为统一王朝时期，后段为大分裂时期。通
过对两个时段都城的考察发现，在继承与创新的共同作用下，这个时期逐渐建立起新的都城模式，如单一宫城、
三城制、中轴对称布局、一门三道、坐北向南的朝向等等，这些都为后世都城所继承。而这些都城模式的形成及
演变是渐进展开的，有的则是相互影响而形成的，探讨他们形成及演变的进程，对认识中国古代都城的发展变化
具有重要的学术意义。
关键词：汉魏两晋南北朝；都城模式；形成及演变