建筑学语境下的石峁遗址
杜启明
河南博物院，河南 郑州 450002

Abstract：The discovery of the Shimao site is known as ground breaking, but its date and ethnicity have
been highly debated. This article analyzes the location, layout of the Shimao settlement, as well the
construction technique. The author argues that, due to the cool and dry weather then, the initial residents at
Shimao should have been from the pastoral area in the north. And the economy at Shimao was characterized
by pastoralism. The stone constructions at Shimao should be of a late date and used for religious purposes.
The author also raises opinions different from the archaeological report, regarding the constructions.
Keywords：Shimao, construction, cultural feature
摘要：陕西神木石峁遗址的发现被学术界称为“石破天惊”，对其文化内涵尤其是其族属来源、经济形态与时空
跨度众说纷呈。本文通过对石峁遗址的选址与分布格局、初期居住建筑功能与构造特点等方面的分析，认定石峁
遗址当时的气候较为干冷，最初的居民应来自北方的牧区，石峁遗址族群的经济形态应以牧业经济为主。通过对
建筑体系、建筑技术、建筑功能和建筑装饰艺术的分析，认为遗址中的大型土石建筑时代应较晚，且其功能具有
宗教场所的特征。还对考古研究报告中的部分建筑问题提出了不同的见解。
关键词：石峁遗址；建筑；文化面貌